Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is a serious lung infection that occurs in patients on mechanical ventilation for over 48 hours. It is often caused by bacteria entering the lungs through the ventilator, leading Figure 1 from Ventilator associated pneumonia: a review. Semantic Scholar Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is a serious ICU risk but it can be prevented with the right care. Key risk factors: prolonged ventilation, poor oral hygiene, improper positioning, and contaminated equipment. Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) EMCrit Project